Upsetting-machine



(No Model.) Y W. COOKE 8v D. CARLOUGH.

UPSETTING MACHINE.

No. 380,862. Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

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WATTS COOKE AND DANIEL OARLOUGH, OF PATERSON, NEV JERSEY.

UPSETTlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,862I dated April 10,1888.

Application filed January 10, 1888. Serial No. 260,357.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WArfrs COOKE and DANIEL CARLOUGH, both of Paterson, Passaic county, in the State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Upsetting-Maehincs, of which the following is a specification. The improved machine is intended more especially for upsetting the ends of large bars of iron, steel, or semi-steel to be used for eyebars in bridges and analogous constructions. It contributes to the manufacture of properlyproportioned eye-bars from previously-rolled bars of a proper size to constitute the main body and having an excess of length. The ends which receive the transverse pins require to be of the same or slightly-increased thickness and greatly-increased width. The proper enlargement of the end portion is produced by compressing the metal endwise, technically termed upsetting There have been many previous machines by ourselves and others for accomplishing this, some of which have operated with a measure of success. The desired condition is that the metal shall remain straight, and shall simply increase its breadth when subjected to the endwise compression.

vThe tendency to increase its thickness is resisted in the previously-known machines by the presentation of strongly-supported surfaces pressing against the two plane faces. There have been provisions for allowing these faces of the inclosing parts or dies to yield somewhat. It is `not considered a great evil to have an excess of thickness in the eye when it is' taken from the upsetting-machine, because the thickness can be afterward easily reduced by hammering at the same or another heat; but whether these faces are held yieldingly or unyieldingly, they offer great friction to resist the upsetting action. ln short, the pressure exerted by the upsetting-die is felt much more strongly on that part of the eye nearest the end than on the central part of the eye, and especially more than on those parts of the eye nearest the neck or junction with the main body of the bar. Ve have devised means of reducing and practically annihilating XVe act on the flat faces of the eye during the upsetting movement intermittently, leaving it entirely free for brief intervals and then compressingI it to maintain (No model.)

the proper form and figure. "We have devised means for effecting this by mechanism analogous to and the main portions of which may be identical with that of the well-known and long-approved steam-hammer.

As in other upsetting-machines,wwe introduce the heated end of the bar into a die or strong metallic box of the proper form, and, properly holding it against end movement, thrust against the end and drive the metal inward into the properly-formed space to shape the outline or edges of the eye. The bottom face of the eye is shaped by the fixed surface of the bottom of the die; but in our machine the upper face of t-he eye is shaped by a ham` mer, which, actuated by proper steam mechanism, delivers-a series of blows which tend to flatten down the bunch or bunches induced by the upsetting movement. The hammering is thus maintained during the whole upsetting movement. Vhile the hammer is down inflicting its blow it eompresses'and liattens the metal and maintains the required plane form, preventing the initiation, or rather the development, of any regular or irregular bends or buckling movements, and insuring the required straight condition of the metal 5 but the relief afforded during the intervals while the hammer is up facilitates the transmission of the force of the upsetting-ram equally throughout the whole eye. It induces uniformity of condition in the metal, and effects the upsetting with much less force than is required when the metal is compressed endwise, so as to shape the eye in a box, with the faces either held stationary or only gradually yielding.

The following is a description of what we consider the best means of carrying out the invention.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Figure l is a general end elevation of the novel parts, and also of the hammer and its appurtenances. The succeeding figures are on a larger scale. 2 is a plan view showing the novel parts and so much of the ordinary parts as is necessary to indicate their relations thereto. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 0 x in Fig. 2, seen from the right. Fig. 4 is a corresponding section on the line y y in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a central vertical section, partly in elevation. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the ham- IOO mer-die, seen from below. Fig. 7 is a face or end View of the ram and its carrier. The remaining iigures show a modification. Fig. 8 is a vertical section corresponding to Fig. 3, and Fig. 9 is a section corresponding to Fig. 4.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where they occur.

In Figs. 1 to 7, A'is a foundation or bed casting, certain portions of which will be designated when necessary by additional marks, as A. Two longitudinal grooves, a a, are formed on the upper face, wider apart than the width of the eye to be formed. Their inner sides are dovetailed or undercut, as shown. Outside of each groove ci the metal of the bed extends upward, forming strong and high ridges, A.

C C are exchangeable cheeks, certain portions of which will be designated when necessary by additional marks, as C. Each is mainly a counterpart of the other. The inner edge of each is hollowed to shape one side ofthe eye which is to be formed. Each is provided with a stout longitudinal lip, C', on

its under face, the inner edge of which is undercut or dovetailed. A lip, G2, on the upper face of each extends a portion of the length, reaching upward and overhanging inward, for a purpose which will presently appear.4

B B are fillingpieces matching tightly in the narrow space between the outer edges of C and the inner faces of the adjacent lip A. These pieces and the spaces provided for them are slightly tapered, so that they maybe driven endwise to tighten and'relax their hold on the cheeks C. Projections c', provided ou the un dercut inner faces of the lips G', engage in corresponding recesses in the adjacent edges of the grooves a and prevent the cheeks C from being moved endwise when properly placed and secu red. By removing the fillingpieces or wedges B B the cheeks C may be readily removed and exchanged and others of the sanne or different forms substituted.

The bar of iron or steel which is to have it-s end upset is marked M. It may vary in l length indefinitely.

D is a lever knuckled to one of the cheeks C at d and carrying a clamp-piece, D, adapted to press on M at a point adjacent to the eye, where it will usually be hot and liable to be buckled by the upsetting motion.

Eis a pendent link connected to the outer end of D and provided with a hook at its free end.

F is a lever pivoted to the bed at f.

"When the hotbar M is introduced, the lever D, which has been previously raised, is thrown down into the horizontal position and the hook-link E engaged with the lever F, which latter is vigorously pressed down by one or more attendants. This holds the clamp D strongly down upon the hot portion of the bar adjacent to the neck in a manner which can be rapidly operated, and is capable of yielding slightly by the lever F rising against the weight imposed thereon. We believe this to be a peculiarlyv effective way of restraining while allowing a slight upsetting of this part.

H is a steam-hammer, which, it will be understood, is provided with all the ordinary or suitable equipments (not fully represented) for working an inclosed piston, and which recip rocates a head carrying an exchangeable die, h. The size and form of the latter is adapted to enter and close the otherwise open upper face of the eye.

R is the upsetting ram-bar or header. It is reciprocated with the required force and moderation by being connected to a piston working in a cylinder or by other suitable means. (Not shown.) Its cross-section is peculiar. Certain portions will be designated, when necessary, by additional marks, as R. The lower portion, R, has a cross-section about equal to that of the bar, M, to be treated. Aslight variation in thickness or width is allowable, so long as it is free to move endwise in the space provided for the bar. From the center of the top of this lower portion, R, a stout web, R', extends upward and moves vfreely in the space left between the lips C. Above these lips the ram is widened, as indicated by R2. We have shown the upper portion, R2, as slightly exceeding in width and thickness the lower portion, R; but this may be varied. The function of the upper portion, R, is to contribute strength, aid to stiften and support the lower portion, R, which does the work. There is room for any required amount of metal in the upper portion, R2. There should be sufficient metal there to sustain it stifily.

K K are exchangeable filling-pieces applying under the lips C, each serving to till the space between the under face of its lip and the upper face of the hot metal or ram immediately below. VtTe make the machine with a surplus space here, so that there can always be received a iillingpiece, K, and provide a number of pairs ot' filling-pieces K of different thickness, substituting one or another, according to the thickness of the bar, M, to be treated. A bolt, 7c, is inserted through an arm, K', on the back end of each piece K, the bolt being tapped into the bed A. This holds K in place and allows it to be readily exchanged when desired.

For bridge-work the main ties are usually eye-bars forty (40) feet in length, and they vary in their other dimensions from four (4) inches width and three-quarters (i) of an inch thickness up to five (5) or six (6) inches width and an inch or something more in thickness.

By exchanging the cheeks C and the ram R and the hammer-die h and substituting others of proper dimensions the same machine may be adapted for manufacturing eye-bars of all ordinary ranges of sizes. The lower and effective portion, R, of the upsetting-ran1 is longer than the web R and the stiftening and strengthening top R2, so as to allow the ham- IIC mer-die to extend in that direction beyond the eye without hitting the ram. The hammerdie h is of a size to nearly iillthe space for the eye. It is also so formed as to extend out on the tapered junction of the bar, which is commonly termed the neck.77 It may reach so far as to nearly or quite touch the clamp D at each descent. It is also provided on the opposite side with a portion extending slightly into the space between the lips G2 and flattening the ridge which is liable to be formed there by the strong upsetting force, which is unrestrained along this narrow space. As the ram by its movement forces the metal inward into the eye, the ridge which forms on the upper face is reduced as it approaches the eye, so that the metal is certain to come into the eye with about the proper thickness and to be extended laterally in the proper manner without marks or lines of weakness. The end of the lower portion, R, of the ram may be hollowed to correspond to the curvature required in that portion of the outline of the eyc. The action of the ram being arrested at the proper point leaves the eye nearly perfect. It may be subsequently treated by hammering and shaping in a finishing-die in the ordinary manner. A hole is subsequently produced by removing the central portion either hot or cold, or partly in each condition. hen the treatment in this machine is completed, the hammer being raised up and held by the action of the steam or otherwise, the removal of the eyebar is easily effected by the ordinary movement after raising the lever F out of its connection with the hook-link E, raising the lever D and liberating the other strong clamps, which it will be understood are employed to hold the main body of the bar against end movement.

Modifications may be made without departing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of the invention. There maybe other means than' the very slightly-tapered wedges B for holding and allowing the removal and exchange of the cheeks C.

The machine will upset a bar of a given size and temperature with less upsetting force-applied to the ram than when the eye is compressed permanently between the face shaping surfaces, and the action on the metal is more uniform.

Parts of the invention may be used without the whole. We can omit the filling-pieces K and exchange the cheeks C with each change of size of the iron or steel treated. XVe can even omit the exchangeable cheeks C and make the parts corresponding thereto, as well as to the filling-pieces K, in one piece with the bed, and exchange the entire bed with each change in the crosssection of the bars to be treated. Figs. S and 9 lshow such modification. One advantage resulting from such construction is the increased strength ofthe parts and the diminished liability ofthe hot metal to force open thejoints and to form fins by insinuating itself into such joints.

W'e claim as our invention- 1. In a machine for upsetting eye-bars, the hammer-die h and means for reciprocating it, in combination with the bed A, exchangeable cheeks C, and ram It, arranged for joint operation as herein specified.

2. In a machine ior upsetting eye-bars, the bed or bottom die, A,having grooves a., exchangeable chceks O, having lips G2 extending partially over the space to receive the metal to be upset, in combination with the hammer-die h and means for operating it, and with suitable provisions for ramming the metal into the die, as herein specified.

3. In a machine for upsetting eyebars, the header or ram described having the main body It of a section corresponding to that of the bar to be upset, the web It', and strengthening part R2, arranged to serve relatively to the cheeks C and lips G2, substantially as hercinspeciiied.

4i. In a machine for upsetting eye-bars, the lever D, carrying the clamp D', and means for operating it forcibly and yieldingly by hand, in combination with the upsetti 11g-ram R, and hammer-die h, and means for reciprocating it, as herein specied.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands, at New York city, this 9th day of January, 1888, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

1WATTS COOKE. DANIEL CARLOUGH.

Witnesses to signature oi Daniel Carlough:

M. F. BOYLE, CHARLEs R. SEARLE. XVitnesses to signature of Watts Cooke:

M. F. BoYLE, A. L. Wnsrcnooir. 

